Mumakore achangopfuura, nekushomeka kuri kuwedzera kwezviwanikwa uye kuparara kwenzvimbo yekugara kwevanhu, kushandiswa kwakanaka uye kwakasimba kwezviwanikwa zvinogonekazve senge biomass kwave kutarisisa kwekutsvaga nekutariswa kwesainzi pasi rese.Formic acid, chimwe chezvakanyanya zvigadzirwa mu biorefining, ine hunhu hwekuchipa uye nyore kuwana, isiri-chepfu, yakakwirira simba density, renewable uye degradable, nezvimwewo. nzvimbo yekushandisa yeformic acid, asi zvakare inobatsira kugadzirisa mamwe matambudziko akajairika ekubhodhoro mune ramangwana biorefining tekinoroji. Bepa rino rakaongorora muchidimbu nhoroondo yetsvakiridzo ye formic acid kushandiswa, yakapfupisa kufambira mberi kwetsvagiridzo yeformic acid sechinhu chinoshanda uye chakawanda-chinangwa reagent uye mbishi mumakemikari synthesis uye catalytic shanduko yebiomass, uye akaenzanisa uye akaongorora musimboti wekutanga uye catalytic system yekushandisa. formic acid activation kuti ibudirire kutendeuka kwemakemikari. Zvinotaridzwa kuti tsvakiridzo yeramangwana inofanirwa kutarisisa mukuvandudza mashandisirwo efomic acid uye kuona yakakwirira selectivity synthesis, uye nekuwedzera kuwedzera kwayo ndima yekushandisa pane izvi.
Mumakemikari synthesis,formic acid, seyakagadzikana uye inogadziriswa yakawanda-inoshanda reagent, inogona kushandiswa mukusarudza kutendeuka kwemaitiro emapoka akasiyana-siyana anoshanda. Seye hydrogen kutamisa reagent kana kuderedza mumiriri ine yakakwira hydrogen zvemukati,formic acid ine mabhenefiti ekushanda kuri nyore uye kunodzoreka, mamiriro akapfava uye yakanaka makemikari selectivity zvichienzaniswa neyekare hydrogen. Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukusarudza kuderedzwa kwealdehydes, nitro, imines, nitriles, alkynes, alkenes uye zvichingodaro kugadzira madoro anoenderana, amines, alkenes uye alkanes. Uye iyo hydrolysis uye inoshanda boka deprotection yedoro uye epoxides. Mukuona kwechokwadi kutiformic acid inogona zvakare kushandiswa seC1 mbishi zvinhu, sekiyi yakawanda-chinangwa chakakosha reagent,formic acid inogona kushandiswawo kudzikisa kuumbwa kwezvinobva muquinoline, formylation uye methylation yemamine compounds, carbonylation yeolefin uye kuderedza hydration yealkynes uye mamwe maitiro e-multistage tandem, iyo inzira inokosha yekuwana inoshanda uye yakapusa girini synthesis yezvakanaka uye zvakaoma organic organic. mamorekuru. Dambudziko rematanho akadaro nderekutsvaga multifunctional catalysts ine high selectivity uye chiitiko cheiyo inodzorwa activation ye. formic acid uye mapoka chaiwo anoshanda. Pamusoro pezvo, ongororo dzichangoburwa dzakaratidza kuti kushandisa formic acid seC1 raw material kunogonawo kugadzira makemikari akawanda semethanol ane high selectivity kuburikidza necatalytic disproportionation reaction.
Mushanduko yecatalytic yebiomass, iyo multifunctional zvimiro zveformic acidkupa mukana wekuzadzikiswa kwegirinhi, yakachengeteka uye inodhura-inoshanda biorefining maitiro. Biomass zviwanikwa ndizvo zvakakura uye zvinonyanya kuvimbisa zvigadziriso zviwanikwa, asi kuzvishandura kuita mafomu ezvishandiso zvinogoneka kunoramba kwakaoma. Iyo asidhi zvivakwa uye yakanaka solvent zvivakwa zve formic acid zvinogona kuiswa kune pretreatment process yebiomass mbishi zviwanikwa kuona kupatsanurwa kwe lignocellulose zvikamu uye cellulose kubviswa. Kana ichienzaniswa neyechinyakare inorganic acid pretreatment system, ine zvakanakira zvekudzikira kuvira, kupatsanurwa kuri nyore, hapana kusuma maion ayoni, uye kuenderana kwakasimba kune kudzika kwemvura. Seyo inoshanda hydrogen sosi,formic acid Yakave yakadzidzwa zvakanyanya uye yakashandiswa mukusarudzwa kwecatalytic shanduko yebiomass platform compounds kune yakakwira kukosha-akawedzera makemikari, lignin degradation kune anonhuwirira makomisheni, uye bio-oil hydrodeoxidation yekunatsa maitiro. Kana ichienzaniswa neyechinyakare hydrogenation process inoenderana neH2, formic acid ine yakanyanya kutendeuka kushanda zvakanaka uye zvinyoro maitiro. Zviri nyore uye zvakachengeteka, uye zvinogona kunyatso kudzikisa zvinhu uye kushandiswa kwesimba kwezviwanikwa mune yakabatana bio-refining process. Zvidzidzo zvenguva pfupi yapfuura zvakaratidza kuti ne depolymerizing oxidized lignin informic acid aqueous solution pasi pemamiriro akapfava, yakaderera molecular weight inonhuhwirira mhinduro ine huremu reshiyo yakakura kupfuura 60% inogona kuwanikwa. Kuwanikwa uku kunounza mikana mitsva yekutorwa kwakananga kwepamusoro-kukosha kwemakemikari anonhuhwirira kubva ku lignin.
Muchidimbu, bio-based formic acidinoratidza kugona kukuru mugirinhi organic synthesis uye biomass shanduko, uye kuita kwayo kwakasiyana-siyana uye kuwanda kwezvinangwa zvakakosha kuti uwane mashandisiro anobudirira ezvigadzirwa uye kusarudzwa kwepamusoro kwezvakanangwa zvigadzirwa. Parizvino, iyi ndima yakaita zvimwe uye yakagadziridzwa nekukurumidza, asi pachine chinhambwe chakati wandei kubva kune chaiyo maindasitiri application, uye kumwe kuongorora kunodiwa. Tsvakurudzo yeramangwana inofanira kutarisa pane zvinotevera zvinhu: (1) maitiro ekusarudza akakodzera catalytic anoshanda masimbi uye maitiro ekuita kune chaiwo maitiro; (2) maitiro ekuita zvinobudirira uye zvinodzoreka kumisa formic asidhi pamberi pezvimwe zvigadzirwa uye reagents; (3) Nzira yekunzwisisa sei maitiro ekuita kwemaitiro akaoma kubva kune molecular level; (4) Maitiro ekudzikamisa iyo inoenderana catalyst mune yakakodzera maitiro. Tichitarisira ramangwana, zvichibva pane zvinodiwa nenharaunda yemazuva ano yezvakatipoteredza, hupfumi uye budiriro inoenderera, formic acid chemistry inogashira kutariswa kwakawanda uye kutsvagisa kubva kuindasitiri uye academia.
Nguva yekutumira: Jun-27-2024