Kuoma kwe sirasi kwakasiyana nekuda kwemhando dzakasiyana dzemiti, danho rekukura uye kuumbwa kwemakemikari. Zvekudyara zviwanikwa zvinonetsa kusaira (yakaderera carbohydrate yemukati, yakakwira mvura, yakakwira buffering), semi-yakaoma sirasi, yakasanganiswa sirasi kana yekuwedzera sirasi inogona kushandiswa kazhinji.
Kuwedzerwa kwemethyl (ant) acid silage inzira inoshandiswa zvakanyanya yeasidhi sirasi kunze kwenyika. Norway inosvika makumi manomwe silage yakawedzerwaformic acid, United Kingdom kubvira 1968 yakashandiswawo zvakanyanya, muyero wayo i2.85 kg patani ye silage raw material yakawedzerwa.85 formic asidhi, United States patani imwe yesirasi raw material yakawedzera 90 formic acid 4.53 kg. Zvechokwadi, huwandu hweformic acidinosiyana nekudzika kwayo, kuomerwa kwe sirasi uye chinangwa chesirasi, uye huwandu hwekuwedzera hunowanzo 0.3 kusvika 0.5 yehuremu hwesirasi mbishi, kana 2 kusvika 4ml/kg.
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Formic acid iasidhi yakasimba muorganic acids, uye ine simba rakasimba rekudzikisa, ndeye-chigadzirwa chekubika. Kuwedzera kweformic acid iri nani pane kuwedzera kweinorganic acids senge H2SO4 neHCl, nekuti inorganic acids ine acidifying mhedzisiro chete, uye formic acid haigone chete kuderedza pH kukosha kwe sirasi, asiwo inhibisa chirimwa kufema uye yakaipa tupukanana (Clostridium, bacillus uye mamwe magiremu-negative mabhakitiriya) kuvirisa. Pamusoro pe,formic acid inogona kuoreswa kuita isiri-chepfu CO2 uye CH4 muzvipfuyo panguva yekugaya uye rumen digestion, uyeformic acid pachayo inogona zvakare kutorwa uye kushandiswa. Sirasi yakagadzirwa nefomic acid ine ruvara rwegirinhi rwakajeka, kunhuhwirira uye hupamhi hwepamusoro, uye kurasikirwa kweprotein decomposition inongova 0.3 ~ 0.5, asi kazhinji sirasi inosvika 1.1 ~ 1.3. Somugumisiro wekuwedzera formic acid kune alfalfa uye clover silage, iyo crude fiber yakaderedzwa ne 5.2 ~ 6.4, uye iyo yakaderedzwa crude fiber yakaderedzwa kuva oligosaccharides, iyo inogona kutorwa uye kushandiswa nemhuka, nepo iyo yakawanda crude fiber yakangoderedzwa. ne1.1~1.3. Mukuwedzera, kuwedzeraformic acidkune sirasi inogona kuita kuti kurasikirwa kwecarotene, vhitamini C, calcium, phosphorus uye zvimwe zvinovaka muviri zvishoma pane zvakajairika sirasi.
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2.1 Mhedzisiro yefomic acid pane pH
Nyangweformic acid ndiyo yakanyanya acidic yemhuri ine fatty acid, haina kusimba kupfuura inorganic acids inoshandiswa muAIV process. Kudzikisa pH yezvirimwa kusvika pasi pe4.0,formic acid kazhinji haishandiswe muhuwandu hukuru. Kuwedzerwa kwefomic acid kunogona kuderedza kukosha kwepH nekukurumidza padanho rekutanga resirasi, asi kune mhedzisiro yakasiyana pahuwandu hwepH hwekupedzisira hwesirasi. Dhigirii iroformic acid kuchinja pH kunokanganiswawo nezvinhu zvakawanda. Huwandu hwelactic acid bacteria (LAB) hwakadzikira nehafu uye pH ye sirasi yakawedzera zvishoma nekuwedzera.85 formic asidhi4ml/kg kufura sirasi. Rini formic acid (5ml/kg) yakawedzerwa kuforage silage, LAB yakadzikira ne55 uye pH yakawedzera kubva pa3.70 kuenda pa3.91. Typical mhedzisiro yeformic acid pane sirasi mbishi zvinhu zvine low water soluble carbohydrates (WSC) zvirimo. Muchidzidzo ichi, vakarapa alfalfa silage ine yakaderera (1.5ml/kg), yepakati (3.0ml/kg), uye yakakwirira (6.0ml/kg)85 formic asidhi. Mhedzisiro Iyo pH yaive yakaderera pane iyo yeboka rekutonga, asi nekuwedzera kweformic acidkusungwa, pH yakadzikira kubva pa5.35 kusvika 4.20. Kune zvimwe zvirimwa zvakavharwa, zvakaita seuswa hwema leguminous, asidhi yakawanda inodiwa kuunza pH pasi kusvika padanho rinodiwa. Zvinonzi chiyero chekushandisa chakakodzera chealfa i5 ~ 6ml/kg.
2.2 Mhedzisiro yeformic acid pane microflora
Kufanana nemamwe mafuta acids, iyo antibacterial effect yeformic acid inokonzerwa nemigumisiro miviri, imwe ndiyo mhedzisiro yehydrogen ion concentration, uye imwe yacho kusarudzwa kweasina mahara acids kune mabhakitiriya. Mune imwechete fatty acid series, iyo hydrogen ion concentration inoderera nekuwedzera kwema molecular weight, asi antibacterial effect inowedzera, uye iyi pfuma inogona kukwira kusvika kuC12 acid. Zvakanga zvakatsunga kutiformic acid yakave nemhedzisiro yakanaka pakudzivisa kukura kwebhakitiriya apo pH kukosha yaive 4. Nzira yekuyerera kweplate yakayera basa reantimicrobial.formic acid, uye akawana kuti marudzi akasarudzwa ePediococcus neStreptococcus akanga akadzivirirwa panguva imwe chete.formic acidchiyero che 4.5ml/kg. Zvisinei, lactobacilli (L. Buchneri L. Cesei uye L. platarum) yakanga isina kudziviswa zvachose. Pamusoro pezvo, mhando dzeBacillus subtilis, Bacillus pumilis, uye B. Brevis dzakakwanisa kukura mu4.5ml/kg ye formic acid. Kuwedzera kwe 85 formic acid(4ml/kg) uye 50 sulfuric acid (3ml/kg), zvichiteerana, yakaderedza pH ye sirasi kusvika kumatanho akafanana, uye yakawana kuti formic acid yakadzivirira zvakanyanya basa reLAB (66g/kgDM mu formic acid group, 122 muboka rekutonga. , 102 mu sulfuric acid boka), nokudaro kuchengetedza huwandu hwakawanda hweWSC (211g / kg muboka refomic acid, 12 muboka rekutonga, 12 muboka reasidhi). Iro sulfuric acid group i64), iyo inogona kupa mamwe masimba ekuwedzera ekukura kwerumen microorganisms. Mbiriso ine kushivirira kwakakoshaformic acid, uye nhamba huru yezvipenyu izvi zvakawanikwa mune sirasi mbishi zvinhu zvakabatwa neakakurudzirwa mazinga eformic acid. Kuvapo uye kuita kwembiriso mu sirasi hazvidiwe. Mumamiriro ezvinhu eanaerobic, mbiriso inovirisa shuga kuti iwane simba, inogadzira ethanol uye kuderedza zvinhu zvakaoma.Formic acid ine akakosha inhibitory mhedzisiro paClostridium difficile uye mabhakitiriya emudumbu, asi kusimba kwemhedzisiro kunoenderana nehuwandu hweasidhi inoshandiswa, uye kuderera kwehuwandu.formic acid chaizvoizvo kukurudzira kukura kweimwe heterobacteria. Mukutaura kwekudzivisa enterobacter, kuwedzera kweformic acid yakaderedzwa pH, asi nhamba ye enterobacter haina kukwanisa kuderedzwa, asi kukurumidza kukura kwelactic acid bacteria inhibited enterobacter, nokutiformic acid pa enterobacter yaive shoma pane yelactic acid bacteria. Vakacherechedza kuti mwero mwero (3 kusvika 4ml/kg) weformic acid inogona kuvharidzira lactic acid mabhakitiriya kupfuura enterobacter, zvichiita kuti pave nemigumisiro yakaipa pakuvirisa; Kukwirira zvishoma formic acid mazinga akadzivisa zvose Lactobacillus uye enterobacter. Kuburikidza nekudzidza kweperennial ryegrass ine 360g/kg DM zvirimo, zvakaonekwa kutiformic acid (3.5g/kg) inogona kuderedza nhamba yose yezvipembenene, asi ine zvishoma pakuita basa relactic acid bacteria. Masumbu makuru ealfafa (DM 25, DM 35, DM 40) sirasi akabatwa nefomic acid (4.0 ml/kg, 8.0ml/kg). Sirasi yacho yakaiswa mune clostridium uye Aspergillus flavus. Mushure memazuva zana nemakumi maviri,formic acid yakanga isina simba pahuwandu hweclostridium, asi yakanga ine inhibition yakakwana pane yekupedzisira.Formic acid inokurudzirawo kukura kweFusarium bacteria.
2.3 Mhedzisiro yeFormic acidon silage composition Migumisiro yeformic acid pane sirasi kemikari yakagadzirwa inosiyana nedanho rekushandisa, mhando dzezvirimwa, danho rekukura, DM neWSC zvemukati, uye sirasi maitiro.
Muzvinhu zvakakohwewa neketani flail, yakadereraformic acid kurapa hakuna zvakunobatsira paClostridium, iyo inodzivirira kuparara kweprotein, uye chete mazinga akakwirira efomic acid anogona kuchengetedzwa zvinobudirira. Nemidziyo yakachekwa zvakanaka, yese formic acid inorapwa sirasi inochengetedzwa zvakanaka. Zviri mukati meDM, protein nitrogen uye lactic acid informic acidboka rakawedzerwa, nepo zviri mukati meacetic acid uye ammonia nitrogen yakaderedzwa. Nekuwedzera kweformic acid concentration,acetic acid uye lactic acid yakaderera, WSC uye protein nitrogen yakawedzera. Riniformic acid (4.5ml / kg) yakawedzerwa kune alfalfa silage, kana ichienzaniswa neboka rinodzora, zvinyorwa zvelactic acid zvakaderera zvishoma, shuga yakanyunguduka yakawedzera, uye zvimwe zvikamu hazvina kuchinja zvakanyanya. Rini formic acid yakawedzerwa kune zvirimwa zvakapfuma muWSC, lactic acid fermentation yaive yakanyanya uye sirasi yaichengetwa zvakanaka.Formic acid akaganhurira kugadzirwa kweacetic acid uye lactic acid uye yakachengetedzwa WSC. Shandisa mazinga matanhatu (0, 0.4, 1.0,. Ryegrass-clover silage ine DM inokwana 203g/kg yakarapwaformic acid (85)ye2.0, 4.1, 7.7ml/kg. Mhedzisiro yacho yakaratidza kuti WSC yakawedzera nekuwedzera kweiyo formic acid level, ammonia nitrogen uye acetic acid pane zvinopesana, uye zvirimo zvelactic acid zvakawedzera kutanga ndokuzodzikira. Mukuwedzera, chidzidzo chacho chakawanawo kuti kana yakakwirira (4.1 uye 7.7ml / kg) yeformic acid yakashandiswa, iyo WSC yemukati mune silage yaive 211 uye 250g/kgDM, zvichiteerana, iyo yakapfuura yekutanga WSC yemasilage raw materials (199g/kgDM). Zvinofungidzirwa kuti chikonzero chinogona kunge chiri hydrolysis ye polysaccharides panguva yekuchengetedza. Mhinduro The lactic acid,acetic acid uye ammonia nitrogen ye silage mukatiformic acidboka raive rakaderera zvishoma pane iro riri muboka rekutonga, asi raive nemhedzisiro shoma pane zvimwe zvikamu. Bhari nechibage zvakakohwewa padanho rekuibva zvakaiswa 85 formic acid (0, 2.5, 4.0, 5.5mlkg-1), uye shuga yakanyungudika yechibage chesirasi yakawedzera zvakanyanya, nepo zviri mulactic acid, acetic acid uye ammonia nitrogen yakaderedzwa. Izvo zviri mukati lactic acid mubhari silage yakaderera zvakanyanya, ammonia nitrogen uyeacetic acid yakadererawo, asi kwete pachena, uye soluble shuga yakawedzera.
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Kuedza kwakasimbisa zvizere kuti kuwedzera kwe formic acidsirasi yaibatsira kuvandudza kudya kwekuzvidira kwe sirasi yakaoma nyaya uye kuita kwezvipfuyo. Kuwedzeraformic acidsirasi zvakananga mushure mekukohwa kunogona kuwedzera kuoneka kwekudya kwehupenyu hwe7, asi wilting silage inowedzera 2. Kana simba rekudya rinofungidzirwa, formic acid kurapwa inovandudza zvishoma kudarika 2. Mushure mekuedza kwakawanda, zvinotendwa kuti data ye organic digestibility yakarerekera nekuda kwekurasikirwa kwekuvirisa. Kuedza kwekudya kwakaratidzawo kuti avhareji yehuremu hwezvipfuyo yaive 71 uye iyo wilting silage yaive 27. Mukuwedzera, formic acid silage inovandudza kugadzirwa kwemukaka2. Kudyisa kuyedza nehuswa uye formic acid yakagadzirwa nemidziyo yakafanana yakaratidza kuti sirasi inogona kuwedzera goho remukaka wemombe dzemukaka. Kuwedzera kwepercent ye performance informic acid kurapwa kwaive kwakaderera mukugadzirwa kwemukaka pane kuwedzera uremu. Kuwedzera huwandu hwakakwana hwefomic acid kune yakaoma zvirimwa (sehuku tsoka huswa, alfalfa) ine mhedzisiro iri pachena pakuita kwezvipfuyo. Migumisiro yeformic acid kurapwa kwe alfalfa silage (3.63 ~ 4.8ml / kg) yakaratidza kuti organic digestibility, yakaoma nyaya yekudya uye kuwana zuva nezuva kwefomic acid silage mumombe nemakwai zvaive zvakanyanya kudarika avo vari muboka rekutonga.
Kuwana kwezuva nezuva kwemakwai muboka rekutonga kwakatoratidza kuwedzera kwakashata. Kuwedzerwa kwefomic acid kuWSC zvirimwa zvakapfuma zvine zvepakati DM zvemukati (190-220g / kg) kazhinji haina mhedzisiro pakuita kwezvipfuyo. Ryegrass silage ine formic acid (2.6ml/kg) yakaitwa mukudyisa kuedza. Nyangweformic acid sirasi yakawedzera uremu 11 kana ichienzaniswa nekutonga, mutsauko wakanga usina kukosha. Kugayiwa kwemasiriji maviri akayerwa muhwai kwakangofanana. Kudyisa chibage sirasi kumombe dzemukaka zvakaratidza izvozvoformic acidyakawedzera zvishoma sirasi yakaoma kudya, asi haina mhedzisiro pakugadzirwa kwemukaka. Pane ruzivo rushoma pamusoro pekushandiswa kwesimba reformic acid silage. Mukuedza kwehwai, simba rinogadziriswa rezvinhu zvakaoma uye kushanda zvakanaka kwe sirasi kwaive kwakakwira kudarika uswa nehuswa hwakakohwewa munguva nhatu dzekukura. Simba rekuenzanisa kuyedza neuswa uye formic acid silage yakaratidza hapana mutsauko mukubudirira kwekushandura metabolic simba kuita net simba. Kuwedzerwa kweformic acid kune uswa hwekudya kunogona kubatsira kuchengetedza mapuroteni ayo.
Mhedzisiro yacho yakaratidza kuti kurapwa kwefomic acid yeuswa nealfafa kunogona kuvandudza mashandisirwo enitrogen mune sirasi, asi hakuna chinhu chakakosha pakugaya. Kuderera kwehuwandu hwe ensilage nitrogen yakagadziriswa neformic acid mu rumen yakaverengera inosvika 50 ~ 60 % yenitrogen yese.
Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti simba uye kushanda kwefomic acid silage mune rumen synthesis yemapuroteni ethallus yakaderedzwa. The dynamic degradation rate of dry matter in rumen yakavandudzwa zvakanyanya neformic acid silage. Kunyange zvazvo formic acid silage inogona kuderedza kugadzirwa kweammonia, inogona zvakare kuderedza kugayiwa kwemapuroteni murumen nemuura.
4. Kusanganisa mhedzisiro ye formic acid nezvimwe zvigadzirwa
4.1Formic acid uye formaldehyde inosanganiswa mukugadzirwa, uye formic acidyoga inoshandiswa kurapa sirasi, iyo inodhura uye inoparadza; Kudyiwa kwezvipfuyo uye kuoma kwezvipfuyo zvakadzikira apo sirasi yakarapwa nepamusoro formic acid. Kudzikira kwefomic acid kunokurudzira kukura kweclostridium. Zvinowanzotendwa kuti musanganiswa we formic acid uye formaldehyde ine yakaderera concentration ine mhedzisiro irinani. Formic acid inonyanya kuita sefermentation inhibitor, ukuwo formaldehyde inodzivirira mapuroteni kubva pakuora zvakanyanya murumen.
Kuenzaniswa neboka rekutonga, kuwedzera kwezuva nezuva kwakawedzerwa ne67 uye chibereko chemukaka chakawedzerwa nekuwedzera formic acid uye formaldehyde. Hinks et al. (1980) yakaita musanganiswa we rygrassformic acid sirasi (3.14g/kg) uye formic acid (2.86g/kg) -formaldehyde (1.44g/kg), uye akayera digestibility ye sirasi nemakwai, uye akaita ongororo dzokudyisa nemombe dzinokura. Mhedzisiro Paive nemusiyano mudiki mukugaya pakati pemhando mbiri dzesirasi, asi simba rinogoneka refomic-formaldehyde silage raive rakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura.formic acid silage ndega. Iyo metabolizable simba rekutora uye kuwana zuva nezuva kwe formic-formaldehyde silage yaive yakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura. formic acid sirasi yoga apo mombe dzaipiwa sirasi uye bhari yakawedzerwa ne1,5 kg pazuva. Musanganiswa wekuwedzera une 2.8ml/kg yeformic acid uye mwero wakaderera we formaldehyde (inenge 19g/kg yeprotein) inogona kunge iri yakanakisa musanganiswa muzvirimwa zvemafuro.
4.2Formic acid yakasanganiswa ne biological agents Kusanganiswa kweformic acid uye biological additives inogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya kuumbwa kwekudya kwe sirasi. Cattail uswa (DM 17.2) yakashandiswa seyakabikwa, formic acid uye lactobacillus yakawedzerwa kune sirasi. Mhedzisiro yacho yakaratidza kuti lactic acid mabhakitiriya akagadzira zvakanyanya munhanho yekutanga ye sirasi, iyo yaive nemhedzisiro yakanaka pakudzivisa kuviriswa kwehutachiona hwakaipa. Panguva imwecheteyo, iyo yekupedzisira lactic acid yemukati ye sirasi yaive yakanyanya kukwirira kupfuura iyo yakajairwa sirasi uye formic acid silage, iyo lactic acid level yakawedzera ne50 ~ 90, nepo zviri mukati propyl, butyric acid uye ammonia nitrogen zvakadzikira zvakanyanya. . Chiyero chelactic acid kune acetic acid (L/A) chakawedzera zvakanyanya, zvichiratidza kuti lactic acid mabhakitiriya akawedzera dhigirii rekuvirisa homogeneous panguva yekuvirisa.
5 Pfupiso
Zvinogona kuonekwa kubva pamusoro apa kuti chiyero chakakodzera che formic acid mu sirasi inobatana nemhando dzezvirimwa uye nguva dzakasiyana dzekukohwa. Kuwedzerwa kwefomic acid kunoderedza pH, ammonia nitrogen yemukati, uye inochengetedza yakawanda yakanyungudika shuga. Zvisinei, mhedzisiro yekuwedzeraformic acidpane digestibility ye organic matter uye kugadzirwa kwezvipfuyo kunoramba kuchidzidzwa.
Nguva yekutumira: Jun-06-2024