【Musiyano】
Kunyungudika kwepamusoro-kuchena acetic acid ndeye 16.7 madhigirii, saka iyo acetic acid inoumba ice mushure mekunge tembiricha yadzikira, uye inonzi glacial acetic acid. Acetic acid ndiro zita rakawanda, rinogona kuva rakachena, rinogonawo kuva rakaderera. Glacial acetic acid uye acetic acid chinhu chimwe chete, chine kunhuhwirira kwakasimba, mutsauko ungori wekuti yakasimba, acetic acid inowanzoita mvura pane tembiricha ye20 ° C, uye kazhinji yakasimba pakudziya kwakaderera kwe16 ° C, iyo inonziwo glacial acetic acid.
Glacial acetic acid (pure matter), kureva, anhydrous acetic acid, acetic acid ndeimwe yeakakosha organic acids, organic compounds. Inoomesa muchando pakudziya kwakadzika uye inowanzozivikanwa se glacial acetic acid. Kuwedzera kwevhoriyamu panguva yekusimba kunogona kuita kuti mudziyo uputika. Iyo flash point ndeye 39 ℃, iyo inoputika muganho ndeye 4.0% ~ 16.0%, uye inotenderwa kusungirirwa mumhepo haipfuure 25mg/m3. Pure acetic acid inoomesa kuita ice-sekristaro pazasi peinonyungudika, saka anhydrous acetic acid inonziwo glacial acetic acid.
Pamusoro pezvo, acetic acid ndiyo yekutanga uye inonyanya kushandiswa asidhi inonhuhwirira muChina. Acetic acid (36% -38%), glacial acetic acid (98%), kemikari formula CH3COOH, ndeye organic monic acid, chikamu chikuru chevhiniga.
【 Maitiro 】
Acetic acid inogona kugadzirwa nekugadzira synthesis uye kuviriswa kwebhakitiriya. Biosynthesis, kushandiswa kwebhakitiriya kuviriswa, kunotora chikamu che10% chenyika yose, asi ichiri nzira inonyanya kukosha yekugadzira acetic acid, kunyanya vhiniga, nokuti mitemo yenyika dzakawanda yekuchengetedzwa kwezvokudya inoda kuti vhiniga iri muchikafu inofanira kugadzirirwa. biological nzira, uye kuvirisa kwakakamurwa kuita aerobic fermentation uye anaerobic fermentation.
(1) Aerobic fermentation nzira
Muhupo hweokisijeni yakakwana, mabhakitiriya eAcetobacter anogona kugadzira acetic acid kubva muzvokudya zvine doro. Kazhinji cider kana waini yakasanganiswa nembeu, mumera, mupunga kana mbatatisi inotswanywa uye kuviriswa. Zvinhu izvi zvinogona kuviriswa kuita acetic acid pamberi peiyo catalytic enzyme pasi peokisijeni.
(2) anaerobic fermentation nzira
Mamwe mabhakitiriya eanaerobic, kusanganisira dzimwe nhengo dzeClostridium genus, anokwanisa kushandura shuga zvakananga kuacetic acid pasina kudiwa kwe ethanol sepakati. Sucrose inogona kuviriswa kuita acetic asidhi pasina oxygen.
Mukuwedzera, mabhakitiriya akawanda anokwanisa kugadzira acetic acid kubva mumisanganiswa ine kabhoni imwe chete, yakadai semethanol, carbon monoxide, kana musanganiswa wecarbon dioxide nehydrogen.
【Kushandiswa】
1. Acetic acid derivatives: inonyanya kushandiswa mukugadzirwa kweacetic anhydride, acetate, terephthalic acid, vinyl acetate / polyvinyl doro, cellulose acetate, ketenone, chloroacetic acid, halogenated acetic acid, nezvimwewo.
2. Mushonga: Acetic acid, sechinhu chinonyungudutsa uye chemishonga yakasvibiswa, inonyanya kushandiswa mukugadzirwa kwepenicillin G potassium, penicillin G sodium, procaine penicillin, antipyretic mapiritsi, sulfadiazine, sulfamethylisoxazole, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, acetylsalicylic acid, phenacetin, phenacetin. , caffeine uye zvimwe zvepakati: acetate, sodium diacetate, peracetic acid, nezvimwewo
3. Pigment uye machira kudhinda uye dhayi: inonyanya kushandiswa mukugadzirwa kwedhayi dzakapararira uye VAT dhayi, pamwe nekudhinda machira uye dhayi kugadzirisa.
4. Synthetic ammonia: Muchimiro chemhangura acetate ammonia liquid, inoshandiswa seyakanatswa synthesis gasi kubvisa zvishoma CO uye CO2 iri mairi.
5. Mumifananidzo: Recipe yemugadziri
6. Murabha yechisikigo: inoshandiswa se coagulant
7. Indasitiri yekuvaka: se anticoagulant
Pamusoro pezvo, inoshandiswawo zvakanyanya mukurapa kwemvura, masimbi ekugadzira, mishonga yezvipembenene, mapurasitiki, matehwe, machira, kugadzira simbi uye indasitiri yerabha.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-18-2024