formic acid

1. Kunyanya kushandiswa kwefomic acid uye kufambira mberi kwekutsvagisa mumafuta emafuta
Sechinhu chekuchengetera hydrogen, formic acid inogona kuburitsa huwandu hukuru hwehaidhirojeni kuti ishandiswe nekuita kwakakodzera pazvinenge zvichidikanwa, uye inzvimbo yakagadzikana yepakati pakushandiswa kwakakura uye kufambisa kwakachengeteka kwesimba rehydrogen.
Formic asidhi haigone kushandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri uye makemikari zvigadzirwa, asi zvakare inogona kushandiswa seyakavhurika-inoshamwaridzika nzira yekunyunguduka kwechando kudzivirira kusvibiswa kwemvura yepasi.
Formic acid inogona zvakare kushandiswa kugadzira fomu-based mafuta maseru anoshandisa formic acid zvakananga seyakagadzirwa. Nekuita kuti formic acid neokisijeni ibudise kabhoni dhaikisaidhi nemvura, maseru emafuta anogona kugadzira magetsi ekugonesa midziyo midiki inotakurika yakaita senharembozha nemalaptop.
Iwo echinyakare masero emafuta anonyanya hydrogen mafuta maseru uye methanol mafuta maseru. Izvo zvinorambidzwa masero emafuta ehydrogen mutengo wakakwirisa wemidziyo midiki yehydrogen, kuderera kwesimba remagetsi ehaidhirojeni ine gasi, uye kutakurwa uye kushandiswa kwehydrogen kune njodzi; Kunyange zvazvo methanol ine simba rakawanda, chiyero chayo che electrocatalytic oxidation yakaderera zvikuru kupfuura yehydrogen, uye methanol ine chepfu, iyo inotadzisa kushandiswa kwayo kupararira. Formic acid imvura iri pakamuri tembiricha, ine muchetura mushoma, uye ine yakakwirira electromotive simba kupfuura hydrogen uye methanol, saka formic acid mafuta maseru ane mukana mukuru uye mashandisirwo emhando zvichienzaniswa nehydrogen uye methanol mafuta masero [9-10]. Direct formic acid fuel cell (DFAFC) chizvarwa chitsva chenharembozha uye inotakurika magetsi nekuda kwekuita kwayo kuri nyore kugadzira, yakakwirira chaiyo simba uye simba. Iyo tekinoroji inoshandura simba remakemikari rakachengetwa muformic acid uye oksijeni zvakananga mumagetsi.
Bhatiri, kana rakagadzirwa, rinokwanisa kupa anenge 10 watts emagetsi nguva dzose, zvinoreva kuti rinogona kugonesa midziyo midiki mizhinji. Uye zvakare, senge sosi yemagetsi, yakananga formic acid mafuta masero ane zvakanakira kushanda kwakanyanya uye kureruka, senge pasina plug-in charge, zvichienzaniswa ne lithium-ion mabhatiri. Sezvo tekinoroji ichikura, inotarisirwa kukwikwidza ne lithium mabhatiri mumusika mudiki wemagetsi. Panguva imwecheteyo, masero emafuta efomic acid ane zvakanakira zvisiri muchetura, zvisingabatike, zviri nyore kuchengetedza uye kutakura, electrochemical chiitiko, yakakwirira simba density, proton conductivity, diki transmittance kune proton exchange membrane, uye inogona kuburitsa yakakura kubuda simba. density pane yakaderera tembiricha, iyo inowanzofarirwa nenyanzvi muindasitiri. Indasitiri yemagetsi ingave mubatsiri mukuru kana mabhatiri akadai akave anoshanda. Nekuvandudza tekinoroji uye kudzikiswa kwemutengo, formic acid mafuta cell inoratidza tarisiro yakanaka yekushandiswa kwemaindasitiri nekuda kwehunhu hwayo hwekuchengetedza simba uye kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza.
Formic acid, sechigadzirwa chemakemikari chine yakawedzera kukosha mukugadziriswa kwekabhoni dhaikisaidhi uye mukudzokorodza kugadzirwa kwekemikari raw materials, chimwe chigadzirwa checarbon cycle uye chinoderedza mari yekugadzira. Mune ramangwana, rinenge riine chekuita kwakakosha pakudzokororwa kwekabhoni nesimba uye nekusiyana kwezviwanikwa.

2. Formic acid is formic acid. Is formic acid acetic acid?
Formic acid is formic acid, formic acid is not acetic acid, acetic acid is not formic acid, formic acid is formic acid. Iwe unofunga kuti Xiaobian idehwe rakanyanyisa, chokwadi, Xiaobian anorevesa kuti iwe uunze izvi zviviri zvakasiyana makemikari zvinhu.
Formic acid inonziwo formic acid uye ine fomula HCOOH. Formic acid haina ruvara asi inopinza uye inokonzeresa, inotubuka uyezve yakatsvuka pakusangana neganda remunhu. Formaldehyde ine zvinhu zveasidhi uye aldehyde. Muindasitiri yemakemikari, formic acid inoshandiswa murabha, mushonga, dhayi, maindasitiri ematehwe. Formic acid, nezita rayo rinozivikanwa, iri nyore carboxylic acid. Mvura isina ruvara ine hwema hunonhuwa. Electrolyte isina simba, nzvimbo inonyunguduka 8.6, poindi yekuvira 100.7. Iine acidic zvakanyanya uye caustic, uye inogona kutsamwisa ganda kuita blister. Inowanikwa mukuvanzika kwenyuchi nemamwe masvosve nemakonye.
formic acid (formic acid) iri reductive carboxylic acid ine kabhoni imwe. Yakambowanikwa mumajuru, saka zita rekuti formic acid.
Acetic acid, inonziwo acetic acid (36% -38%), glacial acetic acid (98%), chemical formula CH3COOH, imhando ye organic monic acid, sechinhu chikuru chevhiniga. Pure anhydrous acetic acid (glacial acetic acid) ivhu risina ruvara rehygroscopic rine kutonhora kwe16.6 ℃ uye kristaro isina ruvara mushure mekuoma. Mushonga wayo une aqueous hauna kusimba asidhi uye inoparadza, uye mupfunga une mhedzisiro inoshatirisa pameso nemhino.
Formic acid inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumakemikari emishonga, rubber coagulant, machira, kudhinda uye dhayi, electroplating, minda yematehwe, ndiyo yakakosha zvinhu zveorganic makemikari indasitiri, inowanzo shandiswa muindasitiri inonyanya kureva 85% formic acid.

3. Unobvisa sei mvura kubva mufomic acid?
Formic acid kubvisa mvura, inogona kuwedzera anhydrous copper sulfate, anhydrous magnesium sulfate kubvisa mvura, idzi ikemikari nzira, kuwedzera kune yakananga mirayiridzo.
(1) Kudonhedza concentrated sulfuric acid liquid muformic acid, inofanira kuwedzerwa kuburikidza neseparator funnel. Naizvozvo, tinofanira kusarudza ② mudziyo; Sodium hydroxide solution, calcium hydroxide solution inogona kutora zvishoma zvefomic acid gasi yakasanganiswa muCO, asi kusveta kwesodium hydroxide solution yakasimba kudarika calcium hydroxide solution. Naizvozvo, sarudzo mudziyo ③;
(2) Iyo yakagadzirwa kabhoni monoxide gasi inoburitswa kubva kuB, kubva kuD kuenda musodium hydroxide mhinduro yekubvisa formic acid gasi, uye kubva kuC; Uye wobva wapinda kubva kuG, pasi pemamiriro ekupisa. Carbon monoxide kuderedzwa kwemhangura oxide, gasi kubva kuH, uyezve kubva kuF kuenda kune calcium hydroxide solution, test carbon dioxide generation. Naizvozvo, iyo interface yekubatanidza kutevedzana kwechimwe chiridzwa ndeye: B, D, C, G, H, F.
(3) Pasi pemamiriro ekupisa, copper oxide inoderedzwa kuita mhangura, saka, kubva pakutanga kwekudziya kusvika kumagumo ekuyedzwa, shanduko yeruvara rwemhangura oxide poda ndeye: dema rinova dzvuku, reaction equation ndeye: CuO + CO
△ Cu+CO2.
(4) Mukuita kwekugadzira CO, yakanyura sulfuric acid dehydrates formic acid kuti ibudise kabhoni monoxide, iyo inobata basa rekubvisa mvura.
Mhinduro ndeiyi:
(1) ②, ③;
(2) BDCGHF;
(3) Dema kusvika kutsvuku, CuO+CO △Cu+CO2;
(4) kupera mvura mumuviri.

4. Tsanangudzo yezvivakwa, kugadzikana uye nzira dzekuchengetedza anhydrous formic acid
Formic acid concentration yakakwira kupfuura 95% kuita concentrated formic acid, concentration inopfuura 99.5% inozivikanwa seanhydrous formic acid, ndiyo yakakosha zviwanikwa zveorganic chemical industry, yakashandiswa zvakanyanya mumakemikari emishonga, rubber coagulant, machira, kudhinda nekudhaya. , electroplating, leather uye mamwe minda, iyi uye anhydrous formic acid zvinhu uye kugadzikana hazviparadzanisiki, pane zvinhu uye kugadzikana kweanhydrous formic acid uye nzira dzekuchengetedza dzinotsanangurwa sezvinotevera:
Zvivakwa uye kugadzikana kweanhydrous formic acid:
1. Chemical properties: Formic acid isimba rakasimba rekudzikisa uye rinogona kuburitsa sirivheri mirror reaction. Iyo inowedzera acidic mune yakazara mafuta acids, uye iyo dissociation inogara iri 2.1 × 10-4. Inoputsika zvishoma nezvishoma kuita kabhoni monoxide uye mvura pane tembiricha yekamuri. Iine yakadzika sulfuric acid kupisa 60 ~ 80 ℃, kuora kunoburitsa kabhoni monoxide. Formic asidhi inoora kuburitsa kabhoni dhaidhiyodhi nehaidhirojeni kana yapiswa pamusoro pe160 ℃. Iyo alkali simbi munyu yefomic acid inodziiswa pa ***400℃ kuita oxalate.
2. Formic acid inonyungudutsa mafuta. Inhaling formic acid vapors inogona kukonzera kushatirwa kwakakomba kumhino nemuromo mucosa uye kunogona kukonzera kuzvimba. Pfeka mask yekudzivirira uye magurovhosi erubha paunenge uchibata yakanyungudutswa yefomic acid. Iyo workshop inofanirwa kunge iine yekugezesa uye yekugezesa maziso, nzvimbo yebasa inofanirwa kunge iine mhepo yakanaka, uye iyo yepamusoro inobvumidzwa yefomic acid mumhepo mukati memuganhu wenzvimbo ndeye 5 * 10-6. Vanofemerwa vanofanira kubva panzvimbo nekukasika, vofemera mweya mutsva, uye vofemera 2% atomized sodium bicarbonate. Kana wasvibiswa nefomic acid, geza pakarepo nemvura yakawanda, teerera kuti usapusika nemucheka wakanyorova.
3. Kugadzikana: Kugadzikana
4. Polymerization njodzi: Hapana polymerization
5. Mushonga unorambidzwa: yakasimba oxidant, alkali yakasimba, inoshanda simbi poda
Anhydrous formic acid kuchengetedza nzira:
Chengetedzo yekuchengetedza anhydrous formic acid: Chengetedza munzvimbo inotonhorera, ine mhepo yekuchengetera mhepo. Ramba kure nemoto nekupisa. Tembiricha yekamuri yekuchengetera haipfuure 32 ℃, uye hunyoro husingapfuuri 80%. Chengetedza mudziyo wakavharwa. Inofanira kuchengetwa zvakasiyana kubva kune oxidizer, alkali uye inoshanda simbi poda, uye haifaniri kusanganiswa. Yakashongedzerwa nemhando inoenderana uye huwandu hwemidziyo yemoto. Imba yekuchengetera inofanirwa kunge ine inovuza yekurapa yekukurumidzira michina uye yakakodzera kubata zvinhu.

5. Formic asidhi chinhu chakajairika chemakemikari chigadzirwa muhupenyu hwedu.
Kune vanhu vazhinji, chinhu chikuru chefomic acid kunhuhwirira kwayo kunhuhwirira, kunogona kunhuhwirira kure, asi izvi zvakare zvinoonekwa nevanhu vazhinji pane formic acid.
Saka chii chinonzi formic acid? Ndeyekushandisa rudzii? Zvinoonekwa papi muhupenyu hwedu? Mirira, vanhu vazhinji havagone kupindura izvozvo.
Muchokwadi, zvinonzwisisika kuti formic acid haisi yeruzhinji chigadzirwa mushure mezvose, kuinzwisisa, kana kuve neruzivo rwakati, basa kana hunyanzvi chikumbaridzo.
Sechinhu chisina ruvara, asi pane kunhuhwirira kwemvura, inewo asidi yakasimba uye inoparadza, kana tikasangwarira kushandisa zvigunwe kana imwe nzvimbo yeganda uye kutarisana nayo zvakananga, ipapo ganda reganda richava nekuda kwekutsamwisa kwayo. kunanga furo, vanoda kuona chiremba nokukurumidza sezvinobvira, nokuda kurapwa.
Asi nyangwe formic acid iri yakajairika mukuziva kweveruzhinji, muhupenyu chaihwo, ndiyo imwe yeanonyanya kushandiswa makemikari zvigadzirwa, kwete kungoonekwa mune yega yega yehupenyu hwedu, kune yakawanda minda yausina kufunga nezvayo, chokwadi. , formic acid iripo, uye akaitawo mipiro yakawanda. Bata chinzvimbo chakakosha zvikuru.
Formic acid inogona kuwanikwa mumaindasitiri akadai semishonga yezvipembenene, dehwe, dhayi, mishonga yemishonga uye rabha, kana iwe ukabhadhara zvishoma.
Formic acid uye aqueous solutions of formic acid haingogone kunyungudutsa simbi oxides, hydroxides uye simbi dzakasiyana siyana, asiwo mafomati avanoburitsa anogona kunyungudutswa mumvura, saka anogona zvakare kushandiswa semakemikari ekuchenesa.
Pamusoro pezvishandiso zviri pamusoro, formic acid inogona zvakare kushandiswa nenzira dzinotevera:
1. Mishonga: vitamini B1, mebendazole, aminopyrine, nezvimwewo;
2, mishonga yezvipembenene: powder rust ning, triazolone, tricyclozole, triamidazole, polybulozole, tenobulozole, insecticidal ether, nezvimwewo;
3. Chemistry: calcium formate, sodium formate, ammonium formate, potassium formate, ethyl formate, barium formate, formamide, rubber antioxidant, neopentyl glycol, epoxy soybean mafuta, epoxy octyl soya mafuta, tervalyl chloride, kubvisa pendi, phenolic resin, pickling simbi. ndiro, nezvimwewo;
4, dehwe: kugadzirwa kwematehwe, deashing agent uye neutralizing agent;
5, rabha: natural rabha coagulant;
6, zvimwe: kudhinda uye kudhaya mordant, faibha uye bepa dhayi mumiriri, mushonga wekurapa, plasticizer, kuchengetedza chikafu uye zvekuwedzera chikafu chemhuka, nezvimwe.